In cloning workflows, transformation applies to bacteria, whereas transfection applies to which cells?

In cloning workflows, transformation applies to bacteria, whereas transfection applies to which cells?

• A. Plant cells
• B. Prokaryotic cells
• C. Eukaryotic cells
• D. Viral particles

Answer: (C)

Transfection refers to delivering nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, using methods like lipofection, electroporation, or viral vectors. This is distinct from transformation, which is the uptake of DNA by bacteria (prokaryotic cells) under chemical or heat-shock conditions. Plant and other eukaryotic cells are the usual targets in transfection workflows because their membranes and internal structures require those specialized delivery methods to get DNA inside for expression. Viral vectors are often used for transfection into eukaryotic cells because they can efficiently deliver genetic material into these cells. Since the question contrasts uptake into bacteria with the method used for more complex cells, the applicable target is eukaryotic cells.

Transfection refers to delivering nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, using methods like lipofection, electroporation, or viral vectors. This is distinct from transformation, which is the uptake of DNA by bacteria (prokaryotic cells) under chemical or heat-shock conditions. Plant and other eukaryotic cells are the usual targets in transfection workflows because their membranes and internal structures require those specialized delivery methods to get DNA inside for expression. Viral vectors are often used for transfection into eukaryotic cells because they can efficiently deliver genetic material into these cells. Since the question contrasts uptake into bacteria with the method used for more complex cells, the applicable target is eukaryotic cells.